Heavy industrial classification

Heavy and special industrial activity classes, descriptions and standard requirements.

Heavy Industry

Descriptions and Standards Requirements

• Heavy industries must be sited in designated industrial estates or designated industrial zones with sufficient buffer zones from residential areas, livestock farms, agricultural farms, recreation areas and tourist designated areas. A minimum distance from the fence of the industry to the nearest residential area is 500 meters, to be finalized by the EIA report.
• These industries could generate excessive noise from operations, but design solutions shall be incorporated using appropriate high technologies to reduce the noise level to not greater than 65 dB(A) at the factory boundary, and not exceeding 55 dB(A) during daytime and 45 dB(A) during nighttime at the residential or buffer zone boundary.
• These industries could produce gaseous emissions at rates, volumes and concentrations requiring detailed engineering design in the operation and control mechanisms to meet environmental requirements.
• These industries could produce industrial effluent requiring detailed engineering design to meet the Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluent) Regulation 1979 and/or disposal to central treatment facilities.
• These industries could generate scheduled wastes which cannot be treated on-site or exceed the levels recommended in the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulation 1989. The industries shall incorporate necessary technologies to reduce scheduled waste generation to an acceptable level, dispose them for treatment at a centralized scheduled wastes treatment plant, recycle them within the premises, or sell them to other parties for recycling.
• Siting within an industrial estate or zone should take into consideration compatibility in industrial mixing.
• Hot water discharges shall be supported by thermal plume modeling and simulations, clearly presented in the EIA report.

Note: All discharge and emissions shall meet the relevant Environmental Quality Regulations as stipulated in the Environmental Quality Act 1974, using appropriate control measures.

Heavy Industry Examples

• Pig rearing.
• Cattle rearing and dairy farming.
• Poultry rearing and hatching.
• Other livestock rearing or keeping n.e.c.
• Coal mining.
• Crude petroleum and natural gas production.
• Iron ore mining.
• Tin dredging and tin mining other than dredging.
• Dulang washing and amang treatment.
• Bauxite, gold, copper, antimony and other non-ferrous metal ore mining.
• Limestone quarrying, other stone quarrying, and clay, sand and gravel pits.
• Guano gathering, chemical and fertilizer mineral mining, salt mining, and other mining and quarrying.
• Slaughtering, preparing and preserving meat.
• Manufacture of coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, and other vegetable and animal oils and fats.
• Other grain milling, sugar factories and refineries.
• Distilling, rectifying and blending spirits; wine industries; malt liquors and malt.
• Sawmills; plywood, hardboard and particle board mills; planing mills, window and door mills and joinery works.
• Manufacture of prefabricated wooden houses and other wood products.
• Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard, and related articles.
• Manufacture of industrial gases, fertilizers, pesticides, synthetic resins, plastics materials, man-made fibres, paints, varnishes, lacquers, drugs, medicines and chemical products.
• Petroleum refineries and manufacture of miscellaneous petroleum and coal products.
• Rubber remilling, rubber latex processing, rubber smokehouses and other rubber products.
• Manufacture of glass products, lime and plaster, structural clay, hydraulic cement, cement and concrete products, and other non-metallic mineral products.
• Primary iron and steel industries, foundries, other iron and steel basic industries, tin smelting or recycling, and other non-ferrous metal basic industries.
• Manufacture of engines and turbines, agricultural machinery and equipment, metal and wood working machinery, and special industrial machinery and equipment.
• Manufacture of refrigerating, exhaust, ventilating and air conditioning machinery.
• Manufacture of electrical industrial machinery and apparatus, radio and television sets, sound reproducing and recording equipment, semiconductors, electronic components, communication equipment and apparatus.
• Manufacture of electrical appliances and housewares, dry cells and storage batteries.
• Shipbuilding and repairing, railroad equipment, motor vehicle bodies, motor vehicles, motor vehicle parts and accessories, motorcycles and scooters, and aircraft.
• Manufacture of professional, scientific, measuring and controlling equipment n.e.c.
• Electric light and power, steam and hot water supply, gas manufacture and distribution.
• Sanitary and similar services.
• Fossil-based power plants.
• Chemical incinerator.
• Production of radioactive materials.
• Establishment of processing of nuclear wastes or production of nuclear components.
• Processing of toxic and hazardous waste.
• Dangerous cargo complex.
• Recycling, recovery and treatment of scheduled wastes.

Special Industry

Descriptions and Standards Requirements

• Heavy industries which technically are able to adopt or modify the production process and pollution control mechanism by using the best available control technology (BACT).
• Industries that, by their process description and plant outputs, are involved in manufacturing products generally accepted as high-technology based products.
• Industries that utilize high, advanced and clean technology in their process and control mechanisms, as verified by EIA documents and supported by examples from parent plants or other plants operating elsewhere.
• Industries that will eliminate or minimize emissions, wastewater discharge and scheduled waste production.
• Industries shall be located within designated special industry zones and be compatible with neighbouring plants designed to be environmentally friendly.

Note: Near-zero emissions and discharges shall be achieved by incorporating clean technologies.